DESCRIPTION

A diabetic foot ulcer is a sore or open wound that develops on the feet of individuals with diabetes. It occurs due to nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor blood circulation, making the feet susceptible to injuries and slow healing. Proper diabetic foot care and management are crucial to prevent complications and promote healing.

Major Causes of Diabetic Foot Ulcer:

1. Peripheral neuropathy: High blood sugar levels can damage the nerves in the feet, leading to loss of sensation. This makes it difficult to detect injuries or pressure points that can eventually develop into ulcers.
2. Poor circulation: Diabetes can impair blood flow, particularly in the lower extremities. Reduced blood flow inhibits proper wound healing and increases the risk of developing foot ulcers.
3. Trauma or injury: Even minor injuries, such as blisters, cuts, or burns, can become serious foot ulcers in people with diabetes due to the compromised healing process caused by the disease.
4. Inadequate foot care: Neglecting proper foot hygiene, including infrequent washing, inadequate drying, or failing to trim toenails properly, can contribute to the development of foot ulcers.
5. Poor glycemic control: High and unstable blood sugar levels can affect the body's ability to heal wounds. Poorly controlled diabetes increases the risk of developing foot ulcers and slows down the healing process.

The treatment of diabetic foot ulcers involves a comprehensive approach to promote healing and prevent complications. It typically includes wound care, infection management, offloading pressure from the affected area, glycemic control, and addressing underlying factors like peripheral neuropathy and vascular disease.

Wound care involves cleaning the ulcer, removing dead tissue, and applying appropriate dressings. Infection management may include antibiotics if necessary. Offloading pressure can be achieved through techniques like using specialised footwear, casts, or orthotic devices. Optimal glycemic control is crucial to enhance wound healing. Additionally, addressing neuropathy and vascular issues may involve medications, lifestyle modifications, and surgical interventions. Multidisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals is essential for effective management of diabetic foot ulcers.

It's important for individuals with diabetes to take proactive measures to prevent foot ulcers, such as regular foot inspections, wearing appropriate footwear, practising good foot hygiene, managing blood sugar levels, and seeking medical attention for any foot-related concerns promptly.